Last time, we explored the RSA Cryptosystem. We observed that its security is reliant upon the difficulty of factoring large integers, but advances in computing are making this simplistic approach untenable. To make RSA secure against these advances, we must keep increasing the…
Beginning this year, financial and insurance companies in the state of New York will have to comply with some of the country’s most stringent and far-reaching cybersecurity regulations. Governor Andrew Cuomo announced in September the new rules, meant to protect consumers, companies, and…
On January 6, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence released a declassified version of the intelligence community’s assessment of alleged Russian interference in the recent US presidential election. The document has been scrubbed of specific references to classified sources and methods…
Up to now, we have seen how symmetric algorithms achieve encryption. For example, we’ve seen that RC4 is a simple but insecure stream cipher. We’ve also seen two block ciphers: The historically interesting DES cipher and the AES cipher, the current US standard….
Last time we explored the once-popular Data Encryption Standard (DES) block cipher. We observed that it implements the confusion and diffusion principles described by Claude Shannon. These are what made DES a useful cipher, but its short key length (just 56 bits) was…
We’ve seen that stream ciphers like RC4 encrypt each character of a message individually. This seems intuitive, but this can actually make a cipher insecure. That is, the one-to-one correspondence between plaintext characters and ciphertext characters makes stream ciphers susceptible to certain attacks….
We saw last time that ciphers are useful tools to hide information from prying eyes. We also classified ciphers into two families: Symmetric algorithms and asymmetric algorithms.[i] As it turns out, symmetric algorithms can be further divided into stream ciphers and block ciphers….
The race for the presidency of the United States in 2016 has been a hotbed of cyberespionage that has raised doubts about the legitimacy of the electoral process. Over the summer, a spear-phishing attack led to a leak of thousands of emails from…
Securing messages is a significant problem that people have been trying to solve for well over 2000 years. This problem can be solved in part by using encryption. Historically, militaries and governments have employed encryption, but this technology is rapidly spreading to civilian…
Have you ever been unable to carry on a conversation with somebody because too many other people were talking to you at once? Overwhelming you with so much information that you cannot process and respond to it is a classic way that hackers…
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